Transistor Technology: Bipolar transistors, characteristics, applications FET Development: Field-effect transistors in audio applications IC Implementation: Integrated circuits, opamps in audio Analog Consoles: Split, in-line console designs, large-format desks Advanced Signal Routing: Patch bays, insert points, aux sends Analog EQ Designs: Passive, active, parametric, graphic, shelving Dynamics Processing: VCA, FET, optical compressors and limiters Distortion & Waveshaping: Deliberate harmonic generation, guitar effects Noise Gates & Expanders: Dynamic range enhancement tools Time-Based Effects: Spring, plate, chamber reverbs; tape, BBD delays Modulation Effects: Chorus, flanging, phasing using analog techniques Analog Mixing Techniques: Submixing, parallel processing, console automation Monitor Section Design: Control room and cue systems Outboard Processing: External processors and signal chains Master Bus Processing: Summing, mix compression techniques Analog Metering: VU, PPM, and other analog level indicators Advanced Microphone Techniques: Stereo techniques, mic selection philosophy Automation Systems: Early fader, mute, and routing automation Reference Alignment: Calibration standards and practices Measurement Evolution: Development of audio test equipment Industry Workflow Standards: Establishment of professional practices Technical Documentation: Signal flow representation, standardized notation